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Wound dressings

Animal studies

Effect of bromelain on mast cell numbers and degranulation in diabetic rat wound healing

01 August 2022

Research

Abstract

Objective:

Many studies have revealed the prominent roles of mast cells in wound healing, including inflammatory reactions, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix reabsorption. In the present study, we aimed to assess the probable therapeutic features of bromelain on wound contraction and mast cell degranulation in wound healing in experimental diabetic animals.

Method:

Male rats were grouped as control, vehicle and experiment. Skin wounds were generated in all groups. Treatments were applied with distilled water and with bromelain (BR) intraperitoneally in the vehicle and experimental groups, respectively. Following skin wound generation, animals were euthanised on days 3, 5, 7 and 15. We gathered 16,800 microscopic images to count the mast cells and degranulation level (Image J software). The wound contraction index was assessed both microscopically (Image J software) and macroscopically (time-lapse photography). The meshwork evaluation method was used to assess wound healing.

Results:

Time-lapse photography revealed that the BR significantly (p<0.05) accelerated wound contraction and healing. BR significantly (p<0.05) increased the total number of mast cells in all experimental groups on days 5 and 7. The count of grade III (degranulated) mast cells was reduced significantly (p<0.05) on days 5 and 7 in experimental groups compared to control and vehicle groups.

Conclusion:

In this study, the rate of wound healing was accelerated considerably following BR administration. In addition, this agent decreased the count of degranulated mast cells, leading to wound contraction and healing.

The total number of people with diabetes worldwide is projected to rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030, resulting in a prevalence of diabetes of 4.4%. The prevalence of diabetes is more common in men and increases with age, especially from the age of 65 years.¹

Approximately 15 per 100,000 people (prevalence of 9.5%, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.12) were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes globally.² Wound healing in patients with diabetes is an intricate pathway, and globally, 15% of these patients have diabetes-related complications, such as foot wounds.^2,3

Bromelain, as a herbal extract, is rich in cysteine proteases and is collected from the Bromeliaceae family. Bromelain has therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory characteristics.^4,5

In the present study, we aimed to assess the probable therapeutic features of bromelain on wound contraction and mast cell degranulation in wound healing in experimental diabetic animals.^6,7 The meshwork evaluation method was used to assess wound healing.^3,8

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bromelain

degranulation

diabetes

mast cell

wound

wound care

wound contraction

wound healing